Samson, probably in France (facsimile edited by H. It was written "on the twelfth of the month of Kislev, in the year 103 of the sixth millennium" (1342) by Solomon b. There is also only one complete extant manuscript of the Babylonian Talmud (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod. The only manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud, which was written in 1299 by Jehiel b. The oldest dated halakhic Midrashim are Sifra of 1073 (Vatican Library, no. The oldest Tosefta manuscripts are Erfurt Number 159, which was thought to have been written in 1150, and Vienna Number 46. Not dated but definitely early works are: Kaufmann Number 50 (facsimile edited by G. 393, 404), and Mo'ed of the same set is in the Sassoon Library (no. Individual orders ( sedorim), written and vocalized (in part) from 1168 ( Zera'im, Nezikin, Kodashim), are in Oxford (nos.
Jehiel, the "Physician of Beth-El," from the province of Cesena (Italy), between 13. The oldest dated manuscripts of the Mishnah are: Paris Manuscripts 328/9, the complete text with Maimonides' commentary and written and vocalized by Joab b. MISHNAH, TOSEFTA, TALMUD, AND HALAKHIC MIDRASHIM The text is complete and the date appears to be authentic. Petersburg B 19A) which was written in 1009 in Egypt. Finally, there is the Bible manuscript (St. There are biblical manuscripts in the Saltykov-Shchedrin Library and others, which, according to their *colophons, were written during the tenth century, but doubts have been raised as to the reliability of these colophons. This particular Keter Aram Ẓova ( keter, "crown" being an appellation for a Bible codex Aram Ẓova, "Aleppo") is at the Ben-Zvi Institute, Jerusalem (see bibl. Buya'a (it appears that both were active in Tiberias). Asher) in 929 and vocalized by his brother Ephraim b. Buya'a (who also prepared, according to a note at its end, the so-called Keter Aram Ẓova, later vocalized by Aaron b.
3), now the Russian National Library, was copied in 916 and a Pentateuch which was copied by Solomon b. Asher, which was found in the Karaite synagogue of Cairo and written in Tiberias in 895 Latter Prophets, with Babylonian punctuation, in the Saltykov-Shchedrin Library in Leningrad (No. The oldest dated biblical manuscripts are: Prophets as vocalized by Moses b. The development of Hebrew paleography should make it possible to determine with greater accuracy the dates of these most valuable fragments. On the other hand, some of the fragments found in the Cairo Genizah belong, without doubt, to the beginning of this period and possibly even to the end of the previous one. Information has been published on a biblical manuscript in St. The oldest manuscripts of the period date from the end of the ninth century. No material is available which can be proven with any certainty as belonging to the first centuries of this period. to the Bar–Kokhba War (132–135), including some written or dictated by him (see bibl. The other scrolls from the Judean Desert are regarded as dating from the second century B.C.E. The most important of them are a collection of *papyri from Yeb ( *Elephantine ) and Assuan in Egypt (494–407 B.C.E.) papyri from Edfu, also in Egypt, are thought to belong to the third century B.C.E., as are parts of the Book of Jeremiah and fragments of II Samuel among the *Dead Sea Scrolls. 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.ĭocuments and letters, some with accurate dates, have been preserved from the period of 500 B.C.E. It has been estimated that there are about 60,000 manuscripts (codices) and about 200,000 fragments, most of which have come from the Cairo *Genizah (and a certain number from the Judean Desert). Hebrew manuscripts have been preserved in archives and public and private libraries.
MANUSCRIPTS, HEBREW, term which includes religious and secular books, as well as letters and documents written on papyrus, parchment, hides, and paper in Hebrew characters, sometimes using them for the writing of languages other than Hebrew, e.g., Aramaic, Yiddish, Ladino, etc. Table of Contents| Scribe| Polish Literature
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